Epidemiology
Table 1 Demographics and rheumatic disease characteristics of patients with history of COVID-19 infection
All rheumatic disease patients (N=280)
Breakthrough COVID-19 infection (N=116)
Non-breakthrough COVID-19 infection (N=164)
Characteristic
P value
Age at time of COVID-19 symptom onset in years, mean±SD Age at time of survey in years, mean±SD
52 (15)
53 (15)
51 (16)
0.48
53 (15) 223 (80)
53 (15) 93 (80)
52 (16) 130 (79)
0.68 0.88
Female, n (%)
Race, n (%) Asian
12 (4) 20 (7)
5 (4) 4 (3)
7 (4)
1.00 0.06 0.08 1.00 1.00 0.15 0.65
Black White Other
16 (10) 129 (79)
230 (82)
101 (87)
15 (5)
6 (5) 3 (3) 8 (7)
9 (5) 4 (2)
Unknown
7 (3)
Hispanic or Latinx ethnicity
27 (10)
19 (12)
Smoking status
Current Former
4 (1)
2 (2)
2 (1)
72 (26) 203 (73)
27 (23) 87 (75)
45 (27) 116 (71)
Never
SARD category*
0.33
Inflammatory arthritis Connective tissue disease
165 (59) 68 (24)
61 (53) 30 (26) 13 (11)
104 (63) 38 (23)
Vasculitis Multiple
26 (9)
13 (8)
9 (3)
5 (4) 7 (6)
4 (2) 5 (3)
Other
12 (4)
Immunomodulatory medications cs DMARDs Antimalarial (includes hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine)
64 (23)
34 (29)
30 (18)
0.04
Methotrexate
60 (21)
27 (23) 14 (12) 14 (12)
33 (20)
0.56 0.02 0.14 0.40 0.08 0.66 0.86 0.43 0.43 0.04 0.67 0.43 0.50 0.62 1.00 1.00 0.24 1.00 0.50 0.64
Mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid 21 (8)
7 (4)
Other csDMARD†
25 (9) 13 (5)
11 (7)
Targeted synthetic DMARD (JAK inhibitor)
7 (6)
6 (4)
Biologic DMARDs Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody
23 (8)
14 (12) 28 (24) 15 (13) 24 (21) 8 (5–20)
9 (5)
TNF inhibitor
63 (22) 35 (13)
35 (21) 20 (12) 27 (16)
Other biologic DMARD‡
Baseline glucocorticoid use at COVID-19 onset 51 (18)
Dose (prednisone-equivalent, daily mg), median (IQR)
9 (5–15)
10 (5–15)
Comorbidities Obesity
58 (21) 64 (23) 49 (18)
17 (15) 28 (24) 23 (20)
41 (25) 36 (22) 26 (16)
Hypertension
Asthma
O bstructive sleep apnoea Coronary artery disease
21 (8) 18 (6) 16 (6)
7 (6) 6 (5) 7 (6) 2 (2) 7 (6) 2 (2) 5 (4) 1 (1)
14 (9) 12 (7)
Diabetes
9 (5) 4 (2) 5 (3) 2 (1) 4 (2) 3 (2)
Heart failure
6 (2)
Chronic kidney disease
12 (4)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4 (1)
Interstitial lung disease/pulmonary fibrosis 9 (3)
Solid tumour
4 (1)
Comorbidity count, median (IQR) 0.68 *For patients who reported multiple SARD diagnoses, those who reported inflammatory arthritis in addition to either lupus or myositis were classified as having a ‘connective tissue disease (CTD)’ given that inflammatory arthritis can be a component of CTD. Patients who listed both polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis were classified as having ‘inflammatory arthritis’. Patients with multiple SARDs that can coexist (eg, psoriatic arthritis and lupus) were classified as having multiple SARDs. In the case of missing data or unanswered survey questions regarding rheumatic disease diagnosis or treatment, manual review of the EHR was performed to fill in this missing data. †Other conventional synthetic DMARD includes leflunomide, azathioprine, sulfasalazine, apremilast, cyclosporine and tacrolimus ‡Other biological DMARD includes IL-6 receptor inhibitor, B-cell activating factor inhibitor, IL-23 inhibitor, IL-17 inhibitor, IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor, IL-1 inhibitor and CTLA-4 immunoglobulin csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; EHR, electronic health record; JAK, janus kinase; SARD, systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease. 1 (0–2) 1 (0–1) 1 (0–2)
Patel NJ, et al . Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82 :565–573. doi:10.1136/ard-2022-223439
568
Powered by FlippingBook