Lupus Science & Medicine
Table 1 Cohort descriptive statistics at the time of LN flare and 24±3 months later
Achieved PERR 24±3months after the LN flare (n=50)
Did not achieve PERR 24±3months after the LN flare (n=19)
Whole cohort (n=69)
P value*
Variables at the time of LN flare Self-reported race, n (%) White
29 (42.0) 12 (17.4) 18 (26.1) 10 (14.5) 55 (79.7)
21 (42.0) 9 (18.0) 15 (30.0) 5 (10.0) 44 (88.0)
8 (42.1) 3 (15.8) 3 (15.8) 5 (26.3) 11 (57.9)
0.99 0.99 0.36 0.21 0.02 0.56 0.08 0.12 0.43 0.18 0.01 0.53 0.38 0.33 0.59
Black Asian Other
Female, n (%)
Age (years)
26 (21.0–42.0) 7.3 (2.1–10.7)
27 (21.0–42.8) 5.1 (2.0–10.9)
25 (21.0–28.0) 8.7 (6.4–10.4)
Duration SLE (years) First LN flare, n (%) SLEDAI-2K, total score
40 (58.0)
33 (66.0)
7 (36.8)
14 (10–20)
15 (10.0–20.0) 8.0 (4.0–12.0) 6.0 (4.0–11.0)
14.0 (9.0–19.0) 8.0 (8.0–12.0)
SLEDAI-2K, renal
8 (4–12)
SLEDAI-2K, non-renal Anti-dsDNA Ab (IU/mL)†
4 (4.0–9.3) 66 (12–100) 0.7 (0.5–0.9) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
4.0 (2.0–6.0)
47.0 (12.0–100.0)
66.0 (12.0–101.0)
C3, g/L C4, g/L
0.7 (0.5–0.8) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
0.8 (0.5–0.9) 0.1 (0.1–0.2)
115 (102.0–127.5)
115.0 (101.5–124.8)
113.0 (105.4–130.0)
eGFR 3 months prior LN to flare, mL/ min/1.73 m 2 eGFR at the time of LN flare, mL/min/1.73 m 2
95 (73.3–119.3)
98.5 (71.8–118.5)
93.8 (77.0–125.3)
0.28
Serum albumin, g/L at LN flare 24-hour protein excretion (g)
31 (24–37)
29.0 (23.5–37.0) 2.51 (1.31–4.60)
33.0 (25.3–35.5) 2.23 (1.61–4.42)
0.65 0.38 0.75
2.39 (1.50–4.71)
Kidney biopsy at the time of the LN flare, n (%)
53 (76.8)
39 (78.0)
14 (73.7)
Kidney biopsy class, n (%) I
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
0.99 0.99 0.55 0.21 0.99 0.99 0.72 0.43 0.20 0.08 0.71 0.66 0.76 0.78 0.99 0.61 0.26 0.32
II
1/53 (1.8) 3/53 (5.6)
1/39 (2.5) 3/39 (7.6)
III IV
17/53 (32.0) 16/53 (30.2) 6/53 (11.3) 10/53 (18.8)
10/39 (25.6) 12/39 (30.8) 5/39 (12.8) 8/39 (20.5) 2 (1.0–11.0) 3 (2.0–4.0) 40 (30.0–50.0)
7/14 (50.0) 4/14 (28.5) 1/14 (7.1) 2/14 (14.2) 6 (0.0–13.0) 2 (1.0–3.0)
V
III+V IV+V
Activity index
5 (1–12)
Chronicity index
2 (1.3–4.0)
Prednisone dose (mg)
40 (23.8–50.0)
30 (16.3–40.0)
Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) Immunosuppressive, n (%)
58 (84.1) 62 (89.9) 17 (24.6) 40 (58.0) 7 (10.1)
41 (82.0) 44 (88.0) 13 (26.0) 28 (56.0) 5 (10.0)
17 (89.5) 18 (94.7) 4 (21.1) 12 (63.2) 2 (10.5) 2 (10.5)
Azathioprine, n (%) Mycophenolate, n (%)
Cyclophosphamide, n (%) Calcineurin inhibitors, n (%) Pulse glucocorticoids, n (%)
5 (7.2)
3 (6.0)
10 (14.5) 55 (79.7)
9 (18.0) 38 (76.0)
1 (5.3)
Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors, n (%)
17 (89.5)
Continued
4
Baker R, et al . Lupus Science & Medicine 2026; 13 :e001724. doi:10.1136/lupus-2025-001724
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