State of the Art REVIEW
patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022;61:4752-62. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac185. 222 Mucke J, Kuss O, Brinks R, Schanze S, Schneider M. LUPUS-BEST-treat- to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: study protocol for a three- armed cluster-randomised trial. Lupus Sci Med 2021;8:e000516. doi:10.1136/lupus-2021-000516. 223 Wallace DJ, Furie RA, Tanaka Y, et al. Baricitinib for systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2018;392:222-31. doi:10.1016/S0140- 6736(18)31363-1. 224 Atisha-Fregoso Y, Malkiel S, Harris KM, et al. Phase ii randomized trial of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide followed by belimumab for the treatment of lupus nephritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021;73:121-31. doi:10.1002/art.41466. 225 Teng YKO, Bruce IN, Diamond B, et al. Phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 104-week study of subcutaneous belimumab administered in combination with rituximab in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): BLISS- BELIEVE study protocol. BMJ Open 2019;9:e025687. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2018-025687. 226 Aranow C, Allaart C, Amoura Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous belimumab (BEL) and rituximab (RTX) sequential therapy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled BLISS-BELIEVE study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021. https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/efficacy- and-safety-of-subcutaneous-belimumab-bel-and-rituximab-rtx- sequential-therapy-in-patients-with-systemic-lupus-erythematosus- the-phase-3-randomized-placebo-controlled-bliss-believe-stud/. 227 Shipa M, Embleton-Thirsk A, Parvaz M, et al, BEAT-LUPUS Investigators. Effectiveness of belimumab after rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus : a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:1647-57. doi:10.7326/M21-2078. 228 Merrill JT, van Vollenhoven RF, Buyon JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous tabalumab, a monoclonal antibody to B-cell activating factor, in patients with SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75:332-40. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207654. 229 Tse K, Sangodkar S, Bloch L, et al, ALPHA Project Global Advisory Committee. The ALPHA Project: Establishing consensus and prioritisation of global community recommendations to address major challenges in lupus diagnosis, care, treatment and research. Lupus Sci Med 2021;8:e000433. doi:10.1136/ lupus-2020-000433. 230 Manzi S, Raymond S, Tse K, et al. Global consensus building and prioritisation of fundamental lupus challenges: the ALPHA project. Lupus Sci Med 2019;6:e000342. doi:10.1136/ lupus-2019-000342. 231 Arnold J, Dass S, Twigg S, et al. Efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with secondary non- response to rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022;61:4905-9. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac150. 232 Mougiakakos D, Krönke G, Völkl S, et al. CD19-targeted CAR T cells in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2021;385:567-9. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2107725. 233 Mackensen A, Müller F, Mougiakakos D, et al. Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Med 2022;28:2124-32. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02017-5. 234 Smith EMD, Sen ES, Pain CE. Diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (European evidence-based recommendations from the SHARE initiative). Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2019;104:259-64. doi:10.1136/ archdischild-2017-314049. 235 Ooi JD, Petersen J, Tan YH, et al. Dominant protection from HLA-linked autoimmunity by antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Nature 2017;545:243-7. doi:10.1038/nature22329.
Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019;72:447-51. doi:10.1002/acr.23867. 207 Piga M, Floris A, Cappellazzo G, et al. Failure to achieve lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) six months after diagnosis is associated with early damage accrual in Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2017;19:247. doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1451-5. 208 Lee YH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Overall and cause-specific mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis. Lupus 2016;25:727-34. doi:10.1177/0961203315627202. 209 Tektonidou MG, Lewandowski LB, Hu J, Dasgupta A, Ward MM. Survival in adults and children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of studies from 1950 to 2016. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:2009-16. doi:10.1136/ annrheumdis-2017-211663. 210 Jorge AM, Lu N, Zhang Y, Rai SK, Choi HK. Unchanging premature mortality trends in systemic lupus erythematosus: a general population-based study (1999-2014). Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018;57:337-44. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex412. 211 Kandane-Rathnayake R, Golder V, Louthrenoo W, et al. Association of lupus low disease activity state and remission attainment and reduced mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective multi-national, longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2022;4:e822-30. doi:10.1016/S2665- 9913(22)00304-6. 212 Schmeding A, Schneider M. Fatigue, health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013;27:363-75. doi:10.1016/j. berh.2013.07.009. 213 Franklyn K, Hoi A, Nikpour M, Morand EF. The need to define treatment goals for systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014;10:567-71. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2014.118. 214 van Vollenhoven RF, Mosca M, Bertsias G, et al. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:958-67. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205139. 215 van Vollenhoven RF, Bertsias G, Doria A, et al. 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE: final recommendations from an international task force. Lupus Sci Med 2021;8:e000538. doi:10.1136/ lupus-2021-000538. 216 Franklyn K, Lau CS, Navarra SV, et al, Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration. Definition and initial validation of a Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS). Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75:1615-21. doi:10.1136/ annrheumdis-2015-207726. 217 Petri M, Magder LS. Comparison of remission and lupus low disease activity state in damage prevention in a United States systemic lupus erythematosus cohort. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018;70:1790-5. doi:10.1002/art.40571. 218 Golder V, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Hoi AY, et al, Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration. Association of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) with health-related quality of life in a multinational prospective study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017;19:62. doi:10.1186/ s13075-017-1256-6. 219 Golder V, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Huq M, et al. Lupus low disease activity state as a treatment endpoint for systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective validation study. Lancet Rheumatol 2019;1:e95-102. doi:10.1016/S2665- 9913(19)30037-2. 220 Golder V, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Huq M, et al. Evaluation of remission definitions for systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2019;1:e103-10. doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(19)30048-7. 221 Emamikia S, Oon S, Gomez A, et al. Impact of remission and low disease activity on health-related quality of life in
20
doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-073980 | BMJ 2023;383:073980 | the bmj
Powered by FlippingBook